Sun protection is essential to preserve our skin’s health and prevent damage caused by the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. Whether in summer or winter, using sunscreens is indispensable to avoid sunburn, premature skin aging, and reduce the risk of skin cancer. This comprehensive article will guide you through everything you need to know about sunscreens. Whether you are women, adults, or children, it is crucial to choose the right products suited to your age and skin type.
Understanding SPF
What is SPF?
SPF (Sun Protection Factor) measures a sunscreen’s ability to protect the skin from UVB rays, which cause sunburn and skin cancers. SPF indicates how much longer a person can stay in the sun without burning compared to an unprotected person. For example, SPF 30 means you can stay in the sun 30 times longer without burning than if you had no sunscreen.
However, it is important to note that SPF does not measure protection against UVA rays, which penetrate deeper into the skin and also contribute to aging and skin cancer.
Different SPF levels
There are several SPF levels, each offering different degrees of protection:
- SPF 15: Blocks about 93% of UVB rays. Suitable for moderate daily exposure like going to work or running errands. Often used in cosmetics like body moisturizers.
- SPF 30: Blocks about 97% of UVB rays. Ideal for prolonged sun exposure, such as a day at the beach or hiking. Sprays and light creams often have this level of protection.
- SPF 50: Blocks about 98% of UVB rays. Recommended for very sensitive skin or intense, prolonged exposure like high mountains or tropical climates. Many sticks and sun oils use this SPF level.
- SPF 100: Blocks about 99% of UVB rays. Used in extreme conditions, it offers only marginally more protection than SPF 50. Perfect for children and adults with very sensitive skin.
It is important to choose an SPF suitable for your skin type and the intensity of sun exposure. For most people, SPF 30 is sufficient for effective daily protection.
Types of sunscreen filters
To effectively protect the skin from UVB and UVA rays, sunscreens use two types of filters: chemical filters and physical filters. In Europe, 27 UV filters are authorized under the European cosmetic regulation, all rigorously evaluated by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS).
Mineral (physical) filters
Mineral filters, also called physical filters, are made of mineral microparticles such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. These particles, sized between 200 and 500 nm, reflect and scatter UV rays, acting as an opaque barrier on the skin’s surface.
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Advantages:
- High tolerance: Mineral filters are less allergenic than chemical filters because they stay on the skin surface and do not penetrate deeper layers. This makes them especially suitable for sensitive skin and children.
- Photostability: These filters are stable under light, providing durable protection.
- Organic certification: Sunscreens containing only mineral filters can be certified organic, often recognized by specialized laboratories.
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Disadvantages:
- White cast: Mineral-based sunscreens can leave a white residue on the skin due to their opaque nature, though formulations have improved to reduce this.
- Environmental impact: Nanoparticles in mineral filters, while improving cosmetic appeal, may raise ecological concerns and potential toxicity risks, especially for marine life.
Chemical filters
Chemical filters are organic molecules that absorb UV rays and convert them into heat, which is dissipated by the skin. They form a thin protective layer on the skin surface.
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Advantages:
- Light texture: Chemical filters enable lighter, transparent sunscreens that apply easily without leaving white residue. Ideal for adults seeking a hydrating and fluid product.
- Even application: Their texture ensures uniform skin coverage.
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Disadvantages:
- Potential irritation: Some chemical filters can penetrate the skin barrier, potentially causing allergic reactions or irritation, especially in sensitive skin.
- Safety controversies: Some chemical filters are suspected endocrine disruptors. While evidence is limited, caution is advised, avoiding compounds like octocrylene, oxybenzone, and PABA.
- Environmental impact: These filters may also harm the environment, damaging coral reefs and marine fauna.
Conclusion on Effectiveness
Whether mineral or chemical, both types of filters provide effective protection against UV rays. The choice depends on your personal preferences, skin type, and sensitivity to ingredients. For optimal protection, it is crucial to apply sunscreen correctly and reapply regularly, regardless of the filter type used.
What about day creams with SPF?
Daily use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 is widely recommended to protect against the harmful effects of UV rays. This protection is necessary year-round, in all weather conditions.
In addition to traditional sunscreens, many moisturizers with integrated SPF offer a convenient solution to include sun protection in your daily skincare routine.
Differences and similarities
Although day creams with SPF and sunscreens may seem different in texture and formulation, they provide identical sun protection if they have the same SPF rating. Day creams are often lighter and thinner, while sunscreens can be thicker and richer. However, if a product claims a certain SPF, this means the protection has been tested and validated under strict standards.
Application and effectiveness
The effectiveness of day creams with SPF depends on proper application. To achieve the sun protection indicated on the label, it is crucial to apply the recommended dose (2 mg/cm² of skin). Studies show people often apply less product than needed, especially with moisturizers, reducing their effectiveness.
A 2019 clinical study revealed that when using a moisturizer with SPF, more areas of the face remain uncovered compared to using traditional sunscreen. This underscores the importance of thorough application to ensure complete protection.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while day creams with SPF can provide adequate protection for limited daily exposure, they are not sufficient to fully protect the skin from sun rays during prolonged or intense exposure. It is recommended to use a specific sunscreen in addition, especially during outdoor activities. Moreover, other sun protection measures, such as seeking shade and wearing protective clothing, should be followed.
How to choose the right sunscreen
For sensitive skin
For people with sensitive skin, it is recommended to opt for sunscreens based on mineral filters. Look for fragrance-free and hypoallergenic formulations to minimize the risk of irritation. At Kazidomi, we offer a wide range of sun products for sensitive skin.
For intense outdoor activities
For outdoor activities such as hiking, swimming, or sports, choose sunscreens with SPF 50 or higher, water- and sweat-resistant. These formulations offer long-lasting protection and are designed to remain effective even during intense physical activity. Sprays and sticks are particularly practical for easy and quick application.
For daily use
For daily use, a day cream with SPF 30 may suffice to protect your skin from short and moderate sun exposure. However, if you plan to spend a lot of time outdoors, it is better to use a dedicated sunscreen as a complement to ensure adequate protection. Moisturizing milks and sun oils are also excellent options for additional protection.
Application and reapplication
For optimal protection, apply sunscreen generously to all exposed skin areas at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Make sure to cover all areas, including face, ears, neck, and feet.
Reapply sunscreen every two hours, and after swimming, sweating, or towel drying to maintain continuous protection.
Use a spray, a stick, or a fluid cream to facilitate application, especially on children and active adults.
Conclusion
Sunscreens are an essential tool to protect our skin from the harmful effects of UV rays. By understanding the different SPFs, types of sunscreen filters, and knowing when to use day creams with SPF versus dedicated sunscreens, you can choose the sun protection best suited to your needs. Adopt these good practices for healthy, protected skin all year round.
FAQ
1. What is the difference between UVA and UVB?
UVA rays penetrate deeply into the skin and cause premature aging and skin cancers, while UVB rays affect the outer skin layer and are the main cause of sunburn.
2. Should I wear sunscreen even on cloudy days?
Yes, UV rays can pass through clouds and damage the skin even on cloudy days. Therefore, it is important to wear sunscreen every day, whether it is a fluid or a moisturizer with SPF.
3. Do sunscreens expire?
Yes, sunscreens have an expiration date. Use them before this date to ensure effective protection, as active ingredients can degrade over time. Always check the price and expiration date when buying sun care cosmetics.
4. Can I use the same sunscreen on my face and body?
Yes, but face sunscreens are often formulated to be less greasy and more suitable for sensitive facial skin. Specific products such as sticks or sun oils can be used on the face for better application.
5. Does SPF 50 protect twice as much as SPF 25?
No, SPF 50 does not protect twice as much as SPF 25. SPF 50 blocks about 98% of UVB, while SPF 25 blocks about 96%. The price may also vary depending on the protection offered, but it is important to choose a product that meets your specific SPF and tanning needs.
6. How much sunscreen should I apply?
For effective protection, it is recommended to apply about 2 mg of sunscreen per cm² of skin. For an average adult, this corresponds to about 30 ml (or one ounce) to cover the entire body.
7. What is the difference between a sunblock and a sunscreen?
The terms sunblock and sunscreen are often used interchangeably. However, sunblock usually refers to products with physical (mineral) filters, while sunscreens may include both chemical and physical filters.
8. Are sunscreens water-resistant?
Some sunscreens are formulated to be water-resistant, but that does not mean they are waterproof. You need to reapply sunscreen every two hours, and after swimming or sweating, to maintain optimal protection.
9. Are sunscreens for children different from those for adults?
Children’s sunscreens are often formulated to be gentler and less irritating, with mineral filters and without fragrances or allergens. However, adult sunscreens with the same characteristics may also be suitable for children.
10. Can I use facial sunscreen on my body and vice versa?
Yes, you can use facial sunscreen on your body and vice versa. However, facial sunscreens are often formulated to be less greasy and more suitable for sensitive skin, so they may be more pleasant to use on the face.
