Sun protection is essential to preserve our skin’s health and prevent damage caused by the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. Whether in summer or winter, using sunscreens is indispensable to avoid sunburn, premature skin aging, and reduce the risk of skin cancer. This comprehensive article will guide you through everything you need to know about sunscreens. Whether you are women, adults, or children, it is crucial to choose the right products suited to your age and skin type.
Understanding SPF
What is SPF?
SPF (Sun Protection Factor) measures a sunscreen’s ability to protect the skin from UVB rays, which cause sunburn and skin cancers. SPF indicates how much longer a person can stay in the sun without burning compared to an unprotected person. For example, SPF 30 means you can stay in the sun 30 times longer without burning than if you had no sunscreen.
However, it is important to note that SPF does not measure protection against UVA rays, which penetrate deeper into the skin and also contribute to aging and skin cancer.
Different SPF levels
There are several SPF levels, each offering different degrees of protection:
- SPF 15: Blocks about 93% of UVB rays. Suitable for moderate daily exposure, like going to work or running errands. Often used in cosmetics like body moisturizers.
- SPF 30: Blocks about 97% of UVB rays. Ideal for prolonged sun exposure, such as a day at the beach or hiking. Sprays and light creams often have this protection level.
- SPF 50: Blocks about 98% of UVB rays. Recommended for very sensitive skin or intense, prolonged exposure, such as in high mountains or the tropics. Many sticks and sun oils use this level.
- SPF 100: Blocks about 99% of UVB rays. Used in extreme conditions, it offers only marginally more protection than SPF 50. Perfect for children and adults with very sensitive skin.
Choosing the right SPF depends on your skin type and sun exposure intensity. For most people, SPF 30 provides effective daily protection.
Types of sunscreen filters
To effectively protect the skin from UVB and UVA rays, sunscreens use two types of filters: chemical filters and physical filters. In Europe, 27 UV filters are authorized by the European cosmetic regulation, all rigorously evaluated by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS).
Mineral (physical) filters
Mineral filters, also called physical filters, consist of microparticles of minerals such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. These particles, sized between 200 and 500 nm, reflect and scatter UV rays, acting as an opaque barrier on the skin’s surface.
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Advantages:
- High tolerance: Mineral filters are less allergenic than chemical filters because they remain on the skin surface and do not penetrate deeper layers. This makes them especially suitable for sensitive skin and children.
- Photostability: These filters are stable under light exposure, ensuring long-lasting protection.
- Organic certification: Sunscreens containing only mineral filters can be certified organic, often recognized by specialized laboratories.
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Disadvantages:
- White cast: Mineral-based sunscreens can leave a white residue on the skin due to their opaque nature, although formulations have improved to reduce this effect.
- Environmental impact: Nanoparticles in mineral filters, while improving cosmetic appeal, may pose ecological concerns and potential toxicity risks, especially for marine life.
Chemical filters
Chemical filters are organic molecules that absorb UV rays and convert them into heat, which is dissipated by the skin. They form a thin protective layer on the skin surface.
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Advantages:
- Light texture: Chemical filters allow for lighter, transparent sunscreens that apply easily without leaving white residue. Ideal for adults seeking a hydrating and fluid product.
- Even application: Their texture ensures uniform skin coverage.
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Disadvantages:
- Potential irritation: Some chemical filters can penetrate the skin barrier, possibly causing allergic reactions or irritation, especially in sensitive skin.
- Safety concerns: Some chemical filters are suspected endocrine disruptors. Although evidence is limited, caution is advised, especially with ingredients like octocrylene, oxybenzone, and PABA.
- Environmental impact: These filters may also harm the environment, notably damaging coral reefs and marine fauna.
Conclusion on Effectiveness
Whether mineral or chemical, both types of filters provide effective protection against UV rays. The choice depends on your personal preferences, skin type, and sensitivity to ingredients. For optimal protection, it is crucial to apply sunscreen properly and reapply regularly, regardless of the filter type used.
What about day creams with SPF?
Daily use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 is highly recommended to protect against the harmful effects of UV rays. This protection is necessary year-round, in all weather conditions.
Besides traditional sunscreens, many moisturizers with integrated SPF offer a convenient way to include sun protection in your daily skincare routine.
Differences and Similarities
Although day creams with SPF and sunscreens may seem different in texture and formulation, they offer identical sun protection if they have the same SPF rating. Day creams are usually lighter and thinner, while sunscreens can be thicker and richer. However, if a product claims a certain SPF, it means its protection has been tested and validated under strict standards.
Application and Effectiveness
The effectiveness of day creams with SPF depends on correct application. To achieve the indicated sun protection, it is essential to apply the recommended amount (2 mg/cm² of skin). Studies show people often apply less product than needed, especially with moisturizers, which reduces their effectiveness.
A 2019 clinical study revealed that when using a moisturizer with SPF, more areas of the face remain uncovered compared to using a traditional sunscreen. This highlights the importance of thorough application to ensure full protection.
Conclusion
In summary, although day creams with SPF can provide adequate protection for limited daily exposure, they are insufficient to fully protect the skin during prolonged or intense sun exposure. It is recommended to use a specific sunscreen in addition, especially during outdoor activities. Other sun protection measures, such as seeking shade and wearing protective clothing, should also be followed.
How to choose the right sunscreen
For sensitive skin
For sensitive skin, it is recommended to choose sunscreens based on mineral filters. Look for fragrance-free and hypoallergenic formulations to minimize irritation risk. At Kazidomi, we offer a wide range of sun products suitable for sensitive skin.
For intense outdoor activities
For outdoor activities like hiking, swimming, or sports, choose sunscreens with SPF 50 or higher that are water- and sweat-resistant. These formulas offer lasting protection and are designed to remain effective even during intense physical activity. Sprays and sticks are especially practical for quick and easy application.
For daily use
For daily use, a day cream with SPF 30 may be sufficient to protect your skin from short and moderate sun exposure. However, if you plan to spend extended time outdoors, it is better to use a dedicated sunscreen as well to ensure adequate protection. Moisturizing milks and sun oils are also excellent options for additional protection.
Application and Reapplication
For optimal protection, apply sunscreen generously to all exposed skin areas at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Be sure to cover all areas, including face, ears, neck, and feet.
Reapply sunscreen every two hours, and after swimming, sweating, or towel drying, to maintain continuous protection.
Use a spray, stick, or fluid cream to facilitate application, especially on children and active adults.
Conclusion
Sunscreens are an essential tool to protect our skin from the harmful effects of UV rays. By understanding the different SPFs, sunscreen filter types, and when to use day creams with SPF versus dedicated sunscreens, you can choose the sun protection best suited to your needs. Adopt these best practices for healthy, protected skin all year long.
FAQ
1. What is the difference between UVA and UVB? UVA rays penetrate deeply into the skin and cause premature aging and skin cancers, while UVB rays affect the skin’s outer layer and are the main cause of sunburn.
2. Should I wear sunscreen on cloudy days? Yes, UV rays can penetrate clouds and damage the skin even on cloudy days. It is important to wear sunscreen daily, whether it’s a fluid or a moisturizer with SPF.
3. Do sunscreens expire? Yes, sunscreens have an expiration date. Use them before this date to ensure effective protection, as active ingredients degrade over time. Always check the price and expiration date when purchasing sun care products.
4. Can I use the same sunscreen on my face and body? Yes, but face sunscreens are often formulated to be less greasy and more suitable for sensitive facial skin. Specific products like sticks or sun oils may be better for facial application.
5. Does SPF 50 protect twice as much as SPF 25? No, SPF 50 does not provide twice the protection of SPF 25. SPF 50 blocks about 98% of UVB rays, while SPF 25 blocks about 96%. The price may vary accordingly, but it is important to choose a product that meets your specific SPF and tanning needs.
6. How much sunscreen should I apply? For effective protection, apply about 2 mg of sunscreen per cm² of skin. For an average adult, this is approximately 30 ml (or one ounce) to cover the entire body.
7. What is the difference between a sunblock and a sunscreen? The terms are often used interchangeably. However, sunblock typically refers to products with physical (mineral) filters, while sunscreens may include both chemical and physical filters.
8. Are sunscreens water-resistant? Some sunscreens are formulated to be water-resistant, but that doesn’t mean they are waterproof. You should reapply every two hours and after swimming or sweating for optimal protection.
9. Are sunscreens for children different from those for adults? Children’s sunscreens are often gentler and less irritating, with mineral filters and free from fragrances and allergens. Adult sunscreens with similar characteristics may also be suitable for children.
10. Can I use facial sunscreen on my body and vice versa? Yes, you can use facial sunscreen on your body and body sunscreen on your face. However, facial sunscreens are usually lighter and formulated for sensitive skin, making them more comfortable for facial use.
